Fatores determinantes dos prazos e análise da eficiência de contratos de compras públicas realizadas através de pregão eletrônico

Abstract

With the emergence of e-procurement, public purchases are mostly conducted through the Electronic Auction – the federal government's procurement system where bids for the acquisition of common goods and services are processed via the web. Employing the literature applied to Public Procurement, based on the efficiency and effectiveness of hiring. This research, which is in the “Three Paper Thesis” format, examined with a deductive approach the terms and efficiency of technical units through public purchases and continued service contracts carried out by electronic auctions in Brazil, defending the thesis that there are specific factors related to procurement operations in the public sector, which affect the time spent in the internal contracting process and performance in terms of cost efficiency of continued supply contracts, impacting on regulatory, socioeconomic and commercial targets. The effort of this study is to make a contribution in order to minimize the internal pressures that public procurement agents suffer in relation to deadlines and contract managers in relation to efficiency, due to demands and operationalities. Regarding this logic, this study gains relevance, considering that managing deadlines and maintaining efficient contracts, with all the bureaucracy and legislation to be followed, with reduced discretionary space, is a great challenge. The first study covered a systematic review of the literature on “Efficiency and effectiveness of public procurement”, in the national and international literature, with the objective of substantiating the study proposal, aiming at an analysis of its evolution, and contributing to the perception of gaps, groupings and trajectories that have come from the theoretical field. The results showed that, despite the theme having evolved significantly and having a great diversity, this area still represents a small portion of publications in studies on Public Administration and important gaps were highlighted that can serve as a basis for further studies. The second study investigated, through data from electronic auctions in 04 (four) technical-scientific units of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), with the purpose of studying, by multiple linear regression, the determinant factors of the terms of purchases and public contracting, to point out suggestions and offer subsidies that may mitigate problems related to deadlines. With the results generated, it was possible to show that, from the list of predictive variables, those that generated significant influences on deadlines, in the sample studied, and constituted in determining factors were: a) contracting of services; b) number of items; c) electronic auctions for recording prices; d) trading sessions previously canceled; e) objections to public notices; f) administrative resources; and g) winners of previous trading sessions. Finally, the third study aimed to identify the efficient frontier of technical-scientific units at Fiocruz with an expanded base from the second study, using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) tool. The results showed that the proposed model and its variables can be used as parameters for comparing the efficiency of technical units in different public organizations, as it highlights the most efficient units, which can be used as a "benchmark" aiming at monitoring contracts to improve performance. performance in its management, contributing to managerial practice.