Avaliação do impacto na saúde de indivíduos expostos ao material particulado emitido na exaustão veicular

Abstract

The atmospheric particulate matter (MP) consists of a mixture of solid particles suspended in the air that can be classified according to their size and chemical composition, so that an individual inhaling these particles can present cardiovascular, respiratory and carcinogenic. In this context, this work aimed to assess the impact on the health of individuals exposed to the MP emitted in vehicular exhaustion, using the MPPD model (Multiple-path Particle Model). The sites were selected based on an MP data inventory, consisting of: Diesel cycle engine system; daily data of MP10 and MP2.5 exported from the CETESB platform (company responsible for monitoring the air in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (RMSP)); daily MP10 data from Salvador's air monitoring stations (SSA), provided by CETREL (company responsible for monitoring the city's pollutants). The collected and inventoried data were modeled mathematically in the MPPD software, with the objective of simulating the deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract, according to the variation of the size of the MP and the exposure time of a public transport user in a bus stop. In this way, the results obtained showed that the particles emitted by diesel engines, showed concentration values in the accumulation mode, in a range of 45 to 160 nm. In addition, the analysis between the RMSP and SSA sites showed the sites with the highest and lower incidence of PM10, considering the flow of vehicles in each city. The simulation in the MPPD showed that in the RMSP the exposure and consequent deposition of MP in the human respiratory tract may be greater compared to the exposure of individuals with SSA, showing how vulnerable a public transport user may be to the daily inhalation of these particles. The results showed the negative effect that MP can cause on the human respiratory tract, in order to promote severe impacts on human health, such as serious conditions of decreased lung function and possible carcinogenic problems.